What is absorption in the context of HVAC?

In the context of HVAC, absorption specifically refers to the process where one substance, typically a gas or vapor, is absorbed by another substance, often a liquid or solid. This concept is integral to certain cooling technologies within HVAC systems, particularly absorption chillers. These chillers use a refrigerant that is absorbed by a solution, which facilitates the removal of heat and allows for cooling to occur without relying on traditional mechanical compression methods.

Absorption is not directly about converting energy types, as mentioned in the first choice, nor is it solely focused on heat removal from a space, like in the third option, which generally describes a broader function of HVAC systems. Also, while filtering air is important in ventilation systems, that pertains to air quality and handling rather than the process of absorption itself. Thus, understanding absorption as the specific interaction of substances is crucial for comprehending various cooling and heating applications in HVAC systems.